{"id":3850,"date":"2022-12-07T23:18:47","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T23:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=3850"},"modified":"2022-12-07T23:18:47","modified_gmt":"2022-12-07T23:18:47","slug":"us-invasive-species-updated-usgs-database-now-on-line","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=3850","title":{"rendered":"US invasive species &#8212; updated USGS database now on-line"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"213\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/33997853606_f3bc605b4c_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3860\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/33997853606_f3bc605b4c_n.jpg 213w, https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/33997853606_f3bc605b4c_n-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=3163\">\u014dhi\u02bba<\/a> rust on Hawai`i; photo by J.B. Friday<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has published an updated register of introduced species in the United States. The master list contains 14,700 records, of which 12,571 are unique scientific names. The database is divided into three sub-lists: <strong>Alaska, <\/strong>with<strong> 545 records<\/strong>; <strong>Hawai`i, <\/strong>with<strong> 5,628 records;<\/strong> and conterminous (<strong>lower 48<\/strong>) United States, with <strong>8,527 records<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The project tracks all introduced (non-native) species that become established, because they might eventually become invasive. The list includes all taxa that are non-native everywhere in the locality (Alaska, Hawai`i, or 48 conterminous states) and established (reproducing) anywhere in that locality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each record has information on taxonomy, a vernacular name, establishment means (<em>e.g.<\/em>, &nbsp;unintentionally, or assisted colonization), degree of establishment (established, invasive, or widespread invasive), hybrid status, pathway of introduction (if known), habitat (if known), whether a biocontrol species, dates of introduction (if known; currently 47% of the records), associated taxa (where applicable), native and introduced distributions (when known), and citations for the authoritative source(s) from which this information is drawn.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2022 version is more complete re: plant pathogens than earlier iterations; I thank the hard-working compilers for their efforts!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hawai`i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/wiliwili-For-Kim-Starr-creative-commons-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/wiliwili-For-Kim-Starr-creative-commons-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3868\" width=\"423\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/wiliwili-For-Kim-Starr-creative-commons-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/wiliwili-For-Kim-Starr-creative-commons-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/wiliwili-For-Kim-Starr-creative-commons-1-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 423px) 100vw, 423px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>wiliwili tree (Erythrina <em>sandwicensis<\/em>); photo by Forest and Kim Starr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the non-native species listed as being in Hawai`i are 3,603 Arthropods, including the following about which I have blogged:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>three <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=3599\">Euwallaceae<\/a>,<\/em><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=1452\">Erythrina gall wasp<\/a> (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\/pest_pathogen\/erythrina-gall-wasp-html\/\">Quadrastichus erythrinae<\/a><\/em>),<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\/pest_pathogen\/erythrina-gall-wasp-html\/\">Klambothrips myopori<\/a><\/em>,<\/li><li>eight species of mosquito in the Hawaiian islands, including the <em>Culex<\/em> and <em>Aedes<\/em> species that vector the diseases that have caused extinction of numerous endemic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=2790\">bird species<\/a> on the Islands. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The list also includes 25 fungi, among them the two species of <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\/pest_pathogen\/ceratocystis-wilt-ohi-html\/\">Ceratocystis <\/a><\/em>that cause <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=3163\">rapid \u02bb\u014dhi\u02bba death<\/a>; DMF &amp; blog 270 and the \u02bb\u014dhi\u02bba or myrtle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=1764\">rust<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\/pest_pathogen\/ohia-rust-html\/\">Austropuccinia psidii<\/a>. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also listed are 95 mollusk species and 20 earthworm species. I wonder who is studying the worms\u2019 impacts? I doubt any is native to the Islands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Hawaiian list contains 1,557 non-native plant species. Families with largest representation are Poaceae (grass) \u2013 223 species; Fabaceae (beans) \u2013 156 species; and Asteraceae \u2013 116 species. About a third of the plant species \u2013 529 species \u2013 are designated as \u201cwidespread invaders\u201d. This number is fifteen times higher than the numbers in lists maintained by either the Hawaiian Ecosystems At Risk project (106 species) [HEAR unfortunately had to shut down a decade ago due to lack of funds]; or Hawaiian Invasive Species Council (80 species). Furthermore, some of the species listed by HEAR and HISC are not yet widespread; the lists are intended to facilitate rapid responses to new detections.&nbsp; We always knew Hawai`i was being overrun by invasive species!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the 529 most \u201cwidespread invaders\u201d are the following from the most introduced families:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Poaceae &#8211; <em>Agrostis stolonifera, <\/em>6<em> Cenchrus <\/em>spp, 2 <em>Cortaderia<\/em> spp, 3 <em>Eragrostis,<\/em>8 <em>Paspalum, <\/em>4 <em>Setaria <\/em>spp, 2 <em>Urochloa<\/em> (Poacae)<\/li><li>Fabaceae &#8211; 3 <em>Acacia, <\/em>2 <em>Prosopis<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other families have fewer introduced species overall, but notable numbers of the most widespread invaders:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Euphorbiaceae &#8211; 8 spp. of <em>Euphorbia<\/em><\/li><li>Cyperaceae &#8211; 6 spp. of <em>Cyperus<\/em><\/li><li>Myrtaceae \u2013 <em>Melaleuca quinquenervia, <\/em>2 <em>Psidium, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa <\/em>rose myrtle, 3<em> Syzygium <\/em>[rose myrtle has been hard-hit by the introduced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\/pest_pathogen\/ohia-rust-html\/\">myrtle rust<\/a> fungus]<\/li><li>Zingiberaceae &#8211; 3spp. <em>Hedychium <\/em>(ginger)<\/li><li>Anacardiaceae<em> &#8212; Schinus molle <\/em>(Peruvian peppertree); USGS considers congeneric<em> S. terebinthifolia <\/em>to be somewhat less widespread.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plus many plant taxa familiar to those of us on the continent: English ivy, privet, castor bean, butterfly bush, <em>Ipomoea<\/em> vines&nbsp; \u2026 and in more limited regions, Japanese climbing fern <em>Lygodium japonicum.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/R-sand-Forest-Kim-Starr.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/R-sand-Forest-Kim-Starr.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3859\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/R-sand-Forest-Kim-Starr.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/R-sand-Forest-Kim-Starr-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/R-sand-Forest-Kim-Starr-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em>Rhus sandwicensis<\/em>; photo by Forest and Kim Starr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I learned something alarming from the species profiles posted on the <a href=\"https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/586efc82d17b4f90a67e03135b9f1511\">HISC website<\/a>: the&nbsp;Hawai\u02bbi&nbsp;Division of Forestry and Wildlife and Hawai\u02bbi&nbsp;Department of Agriculture are considering&nbsp;introduction&nbsp;of&nbsp;a species of thrips,\u202f<em>Pseudophilothrips&nbsp;ichini,<\/em>\u202fas a biocontrol agent targetting <em>S.&nbsp;terebinthifolia.<\/em> I learned in early 2019, when preparing comments on Florida\u2019s proposed release of this thrips, that <em>Pseudophilothrips ichini <\/em>can reproduce in low numbers on several non-target plant species, including two native Hawaiian plants that play important roles in revegetating disturbed areas. These are Hawaiian sumac <em>Rhus sandwicensis<\/em> and <em>Dodonea viscosa. <\/em>The latter in particular is being propagated and outplanted in large numbers to restore upland and dryland native ecosystems. While the environmental assessment prepared by the USDA Animal and Plant Service says the thrips causes minimal damage to <em>D. viscosa,<\/em> I am concerned because of the plant species\u2019 ecological importance.&nbsp; Of course, the two <em>Schinus<\/em> species are very damaging invasive species in Hawai`i \u2026 but I think introducing this thrips is too risky. [To obtain a copy of CISP\u2019s comments, put a request in comments section. Be sure to include <strong>your email address<\/strong> in your comment; the section algorithm does not include email addresses (how inconvenient!).]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Continental (lower 48) states<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the 8,500 species listed in the USGS Register for the 48 continental states are 4,369 animals, among them 3,800 arthropods; 3,999 plants; and just 89 fungi. Among the arthropods, there are 1,045 beetles and 308 lepidopterans. The beetles listed include 12 <em>Agrilus<\/em> (the genus which includes emerald <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\/pest_pathogen\/emerald-ash-borer-html\/\">ash borer<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\/pest_pathogen\/goldspotted-oak-borer-html\/\">goldspotted<\/a> oak borer.) It does not include the elm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=2907\">zig-zag sawfly<\/a> USGS staff have not found any publications documenting its U.S. occurrences. Among the microbes are six <em>Phytophthora<\/em> (<em>P. cinnamomi, P. lateralis, P. pseudocryptogea, P. quercina, P. ramorum, P. tentaculata). <\/em>Profiles of several of these species are posted at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dontmovefirewood.org\">www.dontmovefirewood.org<\/a>; click on \u201cinvasive species\u201d, then scroll using either Latin or common name.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/EZS-zigs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/EZS-zigs.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3865\" width=\"387\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/EZS-zigs.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/EZS-zigs-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/EZS-zigs-768x518.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>elm zig-zag sawfly; photo by Gyorgy Czoka via Bugwood<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Citation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simpson, Annie, Pam Fuller, Kevin Faccenda, Neal Evenhuis, Janis Matsunaga, and Matt Bowser, 2022, United States Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (US-RIIS) (ver. 2.0, November 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P9KFFTOD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P9KFFTOD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>United States Register of Introduced and Invasive Species;<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P9KFFTOD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">US-RIIS<\/a>&nbsp;ver. 2.0, 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;If you would like to contribute to future versions of the US-RIIS, please email the project leaders at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:us-riis@usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">us-riis@usgs.gov<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posted by Faith Campbell<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We welcome comments that supplement or correct factual information, suggest new approaches, or promote thoughtful consideration. We post comments that disagree with us &#8212; but not those we judge to be not civil or inflammatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a detailed discussion of the policies and practices that have allowed these pests to enter and spread \u2013 and that do not promote effective restoration strategies \u2013 review the Fading Forests report at <a href=\"http:\/\/treeimprovement.utk.edu\/FadingForests.htm\">http:\/\/treeimprovement.utk.edu\/FadingForests.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fadingforests.org\">www.fadingforests.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has published an updated register of introduced species in the United States. The master list contains 14,700 records, of which 12,571 are unique scientific names. The database is divided into three sub-lists: Alaska, with 545 records; Hawai`i, with 5,628 records; and conterminous (lower 48) United States, with 8,527 records. The &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/?p=3850\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">US invasive species &#8212; updated USGS database now on-line<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7,6,15,10,25,24,5,20,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-diseases-comblog","category-animal-invaders-comblog","category-drivers-of-extinction","category-forest-health-comblog","category-forest-pathogens","category-forest-pest-insects","category-forest-pests-comblog","category-invasive-plants","category-invasive-species"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p65EGp-106","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3850"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3870,"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3850\/revisions\/3870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nivemnic.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}